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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the development of new species and transformation of the appearance of existing ones.

This has been demonstrated by many examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can be found in saltwater or fresh water and walking stick insect types that have a preference for particular host plants. These typically reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in the body's basic plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all the living creatures that inhabit our planet for centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the most well-known explanation. This is because those who are better adapted have more success in reproduction and survival than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, a group of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three factors: variation, inheritance and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity within a species. Inheritance refers the transmission of genetic traits, which include recessive and dominant genes to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of generating viable, fertile offspring. This can be done via sexual or asexual methods.

Natural selection can only occur when all these elements are in equilibrium. If, for instance an allele of a dominant gene allows an organism to reproduce and survive more than the recessive gene allele then the dominant allele becomes more prevalent in a group. However, if the gene confers a disadvantage in survival or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforced, meaning that an organism with a beneficial characteristic is more likely to survive and reproduce than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more fit an organism is which is measured by its ability to reproduce and endure, is the higher number of offspring it produces. People with desirable characteristics, 에볼루션게이밍 (git.gilesmunn.Com) such as the long neck of Giraffes, 에볼루션 바카라게이밍 - www.activeline.com.au, or the bright white patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to live and reproduce, which will eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection only affects populations, not on individuals. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which claims that animals acquire characteristics through use or disuse. For instance, if the giraffe's neck gets longer through stretching to reach prey its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to grow until the giraffe is no longer able to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of the same gene are randomly distributed in a population. Eventually, one of them will reach fixation (become so widespread that it cannot be removed through natural selection) and other alleles will fall to lower frequencies. In extreme cases this, it leads to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity decreases to zero. In a small number of people this could result in the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect. It is typical of an evolutionary process that occurs when an enormous number of individuals move to form a group.

A phenotypic bottleneck could happen when the survivors of a disaster, such as an epidemic or a mass hunting event, are condensed within a narrow area. The survivors will share a dominant allele and thus will share the same phenotype. This situation might be caused by conflict, earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. The genetically distinct population, 에볼루션 무료 바카라 if it remains, could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens and Ariew use a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any departure from the expected values of different fitness levels. They cite the famous example of twins that are genetically identical and 에볼루션 게이밍 share the same phenotype, but one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other continues to reproduce.

This kind of drift can play a significant role in the evolution of an organism. However, it's not the only method to develop. The primary alternative is a process called natural selection, in which the phenotypic variation of a population is maintained by mutation and migration.

Stephens argues there is a vast difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or cause, and treating other causes like migration and selection mutation as causes and forces. He argues that a causal-process model of drift allows us to distinguish it from other forces, and this distinction is essential. He also claims that drift is a directional force: that is it tends to reduce heterozygosity, and that it also has a magnitude, which is determined by population size.

Evolution through Lamarckism

When students in high school take biology classes, they are frequently introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, often referred to as "Lamarckism is based on the idea that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms by inheriting characteristics that are a product of the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism can be illustrated by a giraffe extending its neck to reach higher leaves in the trees. This causes giraffes' longer necks to be passed on to their offspring who would then become taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his opening lecture for his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he introduced a groundbreaking concept that radically challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. According to him living things had evolved from inanimate matter via an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this could be the case but he is widely seen as having given the subject its first broad and comprehensive treatment.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory on evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing during the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the development of what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits are passed down from generation to generation and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the selective influence of environmental factors, including Natural Selection.

Although Lamarck endorsed the idea of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea however, it was not an integral part of any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is partly because it was never tested scientifically.

But it is now more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics, there is a large body of evidence supporting the heritability of acquired characteristics. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more generally epigenetic inheritance. This is a model that is just as valid as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution by the process of adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle to survive. In reality, this notion is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that are driving evolution. The struggle for survival is more precisely described as a fight to survive in a specific environment, which can be a struggle that involves not only other organisms, but as well the physical environment.

Understanding adaptation is important to understand evolution. It refers to a specific characteristic that allows an organism to survive and reproduce within its environment. It could be a physiological feature, such as fur or feathers, or a behavioral trait like moving to the shade during hot weather or coming out at night to avoid cold.

The ability of an organism to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environment is essential to its survival. The organism must have the right genes to produce offspring, and it must be able to access sufficient food and other resources. The organism should also be able reproduce itself at a rate that is optimal for its niche.

These factors, together with gene flow and mutations can result in changes in the proportion of different alleles in the population's gene pool. This shift in the frequency of alleles could lead to the development of new traits, and eventually, new species over time.

Many of the characteristics we appreciate in plants and animals are adaptations. For example the lungs or gills which draw oxygen from air feathers and fur as insulation, long legs to run away from predators and camouflage for hiding. However, a complete understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between behavioral and physiological characteristics.

Physiological adaptations, such as the thick fur or gills are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to search for friends or to move to shade in hot weather, are not. Furthermore, it is important to remember that a lack of thought does not mean that something is an adaptation. A failure to consider the effects of a behavior, even if it appears to be logical, can make it unadaptive.