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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' awareness and capacity to make use of relational affordances and the learner-internal aspects, were crucial. Researchers from TS and ZL for instance, cited their relationships with their local professors as a key factor 프라그마틱 환수율 슬롯 환수율 (Setbookmarks.Com) in their decision to stay clear of criticising a strict prof (see the example 2).
This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on the practical fundamental topics like:
Discourse Construction Tests
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT for instance, cannot account cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a valuable tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter social variables that affect politeness could be a benefit. This feature can help researchers understand the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the most important tools for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners speaking.
A recent study utilized the DCT to evaluate EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with a list of scenarios and were asked to select an appropriate response from the choices provided. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as the use of a questionnaire or video recordings. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also recommended using other methods for data collection.
DCTs are typically designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They aren't always correct, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually reject requests in actual interactions. This issue requires more study on alternative methods for testing refusal competence.
In a recent study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT promoted more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and a lower use of hints than the email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean by using a range of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often chose to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life histories, as well as their relational affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
First, the MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' pragmatic choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they were a sign of resistance to pragmatics. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choices of behavior in a given scenario.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that CLKs frequently resorted to phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to an insufficient understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after the participants completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders, were then coded. Coding was an iterative process, in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of the coding process were evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The central issue in research on pragmatics is: why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a range of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked to think about their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs rejected the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did so even though they could produce native-like patterns. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, like relationship advantages. They also discussed, for 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 instance how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and social expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences that they could face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their native interactants might perceive them as "foreigners" and believe they are not intelligent. This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. However, it is prudent for future researchers to reconsider their applicability in specific situations and in various cultural contexts. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural contexts on the classroom behavior and interactions of students in L2. This will also aid educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. This method makes use of multiple data sources including interviews, observations and documents, to support its findings. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods.
In a case study the first step is to define the subject as well as the goals of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are crucial for research and which are best left out. It is also useful to read the literature to gain a better understanding of the subject and 프라그마틱 슬롯 place the case in a wider theoretical context.
This study was conducted on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were highly dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices, which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had an inclination to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered their quality of response.
The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year of university and were hoping to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their perception of the world.
The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved an imaginary interaction with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making a request. They were then asked to explain the reasons behind their decision. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to approach and was hesitant to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a lot of work, even though she believed native Koreans would.