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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes that organisms go through can lead them to evolve over time. This includes the appearance and development of new species.<br><br>Numerous examples have been offered of this, including different kinds of stickleback fish that can be found in fresh or salt water and walking stick insect varieties that prefer particular host plants. These typically reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in the basic body plan.<br><br>Evolution by Natural Selection<br><br>Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all the living creatures that inhabit our planet for many centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selectivity is the best-established explanation. This is because people who are more well-adapted survive and reproduce more than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, the population of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually creates an entirely new species.<br><br>Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three factors including inheritance, variation, and  [https://fsquan8.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=3303252 에볼루션 룰렛] [https://qa.holoo.co.ir/user/lanlove7 바카라 에볼루션] 무료 ([http://appc.cctvdgrw.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1954886 Click At this website]) reproduction. Sexual reproduction and mutation increase genetic diversity in the species. Inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic characteristics, which includes both dominant and recessive genes, to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring which includes both sexual and asexual methods.<br><br>Natural selection can only occur when all these elements are in harmony. If, for example an allele of a dominant gene makes an organism reproduce and last longer than the recessive gene allele then the dominant allele is more prevalent in a population. However, if the gene confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing, which means that an organism with a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism can produce the better its fitness, which is measured by its ability to reproduce itself and live. People with good traits, such as having a longer neck in giraffes and bright white colors in male peacocks are more likely survive and produce offspring, and thus will become the majority of the population over time.<br><br>Natural selection is a factor in populations and not on individuals. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution that states that animals acquire traits due to the use or absence of use. For instance, if a Giraffe's neck grows longer due to stretching to reach prey its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe becomes unable to reproduce with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution through Genetic Drift<br><br>Genetic drift occurs when alleles from one gene are distributed randomly in a population. In the end, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no more be eliminated through natural selection), and the other alleles diminish in frequency. This can lead to an allele that is dominant at the extreme. The other alleles have been virtually eliminated and heterozygosity been reduced to zero. In a small population it could lead to the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This is known as the bottleneck effect. It is typical of an evolution process that occurs when an enormous number of individuals move to form a population.<br><br>A phenotypic bottleneck may occur when the survivors of a catastrophe, such as an epidemic or a mass hunting event, are condensed in a limited area. The remaining individuals are likely to be homozygous for the dominant allele which means that they will all have the same phenotype and thus share the same fitness characteristics. This may be caused by war, an earthquake, or even a plague. The genetically distinct population, if it is left susceptible to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any departure from expected values for different fitness levels. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical, share identical phenotypes and yet one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift can be crucial in the evolution of the species. However, it is not the only method to evolve. The primary alternative is a process called natural selection, in which the phenotypic diversity of an individual is maintained through mutation and migration.<br><br>Stephens argues that there is a big difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force, or an underlying cause, and considering other causes of evolution like mutation, selection and migration as causes or causes. He claims that a causal mechanism account of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and that this distinction is vital. He further argues that drift has both an orientation, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined by population size.<br><br>Evolution through Lamarckism<br><br>When high school students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, often referred to as "Lamarckism" which means that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms by adopting traits that are a product of the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with an image of a giraffe stretching its neck to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to their offspring, which then get taller.<br><br>Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his opening lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology held at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he presented a groundbreaking concept that radically challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living things evolved from inanimate materials through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case but he is widely seen as giving the subject its first general and comprehensive analysis.<br><br>The popular narrative is that Lamarckism became an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and that the two theories battled it out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed which led to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies the possibility that acquired traits can be inherited and instead suggests that organisms evolve through the selective action of environmental factors, including natural selection.<br><br>Lamarck and his contemporaries supported the notion that acquired characters could be passed on to future generations. However, this notion was never a central part of any of their evolutionary theories. This is largely due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.<br><br>It's been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics,  에볼루션카지노사이트 ([http://forums.indexrise.com/user-527767.html forums.Indexrise.com]) there is a large amount of evidence that supports the possibility of inheritance of acquired traits. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as reliable as the popular neodarwinian model.<br><br>Evolution by Adaptation<br><br>One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle for survival. In fact, this view misrepresents natural selection and ignores the other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for survival is more precisely described as a fight to survive in a specific environment, which may be a struggle that involves not only other organisms but also the physical environment itself.<br><br>To understand how evolution functions, it is helpful to understand what is adaptation. Adaptation refers to any particular characteristic that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It could be a physiological structure such as feathers or fur or a behavior, such as moving into shade in hot weather or stepping out at night to avoid the cold.<br><br>The survival of an organism depends on its ability to draw energy from the environment and interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism needs to have the right genes to generate offspring, and it should be able to find sufficient food and other resources. The organism should also be able to reproduce itself at a rate that is optimal for its specific niche.<br><br>These factors, along with gene flow and mutation can result in changes in the ratio of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in the population's gene pool. Over time, this change in allele frequencies can result in the emergence of new traits and eventually new species.<br><br>Many of the features we find appealing in animals and plants are adaptations. For instance the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from air feathers and fur for insulation, long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires paying attention to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral traits.<br><br>Physiological traits like the thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavioral adaptations are not an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or move into the shade during hot temperatures. Additionally it is important to understand that lack of planning does not mean that something is an adaptation. In fact, a failure to consider the consequences of a behavior can make it ineffective, despite the fact that it appears to be reasonable or even essential.